青藏高原拉萨地块西部念青唐古拉岩群的地球化学特征及构造意义

拉萨地块西部呈断块状沿狮泉河-申扎-嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带附近分布的念青唐古拉岩群被认为是前寒武纪变质基底。本文对念青唐古拉岩群进行了系统的岩石学、地球化学、同位素年代学及构造地质学研究。研究结果表明片岩-片麻岩-变粒岩含十字石、石榴子石等特征变质矿物,遵循粒度分异规律,其原岩可能为来自冈瓦纳古陆核北缘中新元古代弧盆体系的活动大陆边缘浊积岩。斜长角闪岩具低硅、高铁镁、富钙的基性岩特征,其原岩为岛弧型基性火山岩。念青唐古拉岩群中的花岗伟晶岩锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄为1150±13Ma,具过铝质S型花岗岩地球化学特征,可能为中元古代(1150±13 Ma)以前就开始沉积的念青唐古拉岩群基底岩石通过部分熔融形成。与花岗伟晶岩渐变过渡接触的二云斜长片麻岩第一组变质重结晶锆石U-Pb年龄为701±15 Ma,结合十字石特征变质矿物,暗示了该地区中温高压变质作用的峰期变质,变质程度达角闪岩相;第二组热液流体锆石UPb年龄为301±8.4 Ma,可能与冈瓦纳大陆北缘古特提斯洋演化过程中的岩浆热液作用有关。     

经验加速度补偿对HY-2A卫星精密定轨的影响

针对HY-2A卫星定轨中存在系统误差的问题,该文提出了加入经验加速度补偿系统误差。为了获得HY-2A卫星的高精度轨道,采用星载DORIS距离变率数据探索了经验加速度对定轨精度的影响。探讨了1d、3d和7d作为经验加速度周期的定轨精度差异,分析了3d作为经验加速度周期时在径向、法向和切向3个方向设置经验加速度对定轨精度的不同影响。研究结果表明:HY-2A卫星在径向和切向不存在系统误差,而在法向存在系统误差,因而在法向设置经验加速度进行力学模型补偿能够取得较好的定轨结果;3d作为经验加速度的补偿周期较为合适,不仅能够减少解算参数个数,缩短计算时间,而且径向定轨精度可达到1.00cm,满足HY-2A卫星精密定轨需求。     

测量机器人在土方工程审计中的应用

随着现代社会的飞速发展,传统工程审计方法已不适于当前要求,大量新技术被应用到审计工作中来,而其中的高精度智能测量设备及先进计算机处理技术在工程审计中被越来越广泛地应用。据此,探讨了测量机器人在审计预算中的方法,将其应用在南京某土方挖填工程的审计工作中,并对工程预算数据进行了采集及计算分析,效果良好。     

Early Cretaceous Climate Changes Recorded in Magnetic Susceptibility and Color Index Variations of the Lower Liupanshan Group, Central China

This study carried out comprehensive analysis on sedimentology, magnetic susceptibility(χlf) and color data of the continental sediments of the Liupanshan Group in Central China so as to obtain climatic change information during the 129.14–122.98 Ma interval. Based on the results of the ?lf and of the redness(a*), the section can be divided into two segments:(1) 129.14–126.3 Ma, with the lowest ?lf values and strongly variable relatively high values of redness and(2) 126.3–122.98 Ma, with high ?lf values and relatively low redness. Analysis of the lithology and facies as well as the magnetic minerals and their contents points to a detrital origin of the magnetic minerals and this allow us to interpret the relationship between magnetic susceptibility variations and climate changes. Our study shows that the climate was significantly dry and hot during the whole studied interval although the interval between 126.3 Ma and 122.98 was a little bit cooler with increased humidity.     

张家湾2号隧道下伏煤矿采空区地基稳定性分析

地下煤炭资源的开采造成了采空区,采空区的稳定性对公路建设的工程设计、施工方法、公路工程质量等工作均产生直接影响,其中对隧道工程围岩稳定性和围岩级别的划分有严重影响,公路采空区的勘察与治理作为公路建设的基础环节就显得尤为重要。本文选取山西省国道307线柳林县城区段公路改线工程中张家湾2号隧道采空区勘察为典型案例,分析了开采时间、开采方式、埋藏深度、上覆岩体特征等因素对采空区地基稳定性的影响,通过定量计算评价采空区的地基稳定性,划分采空区冒落带、裂隙带的范围,为采空区治理设计提供可靠地质依据。     

焦家断裂渗透性结构与金矿床群聚机理:构造应力转移模拟

焦家金矿带是焦家式金矿的命名地,也是我国第一个千吨级金矿田的发现地。其内构造破碎带蚀变岩型金矿床(体)受NE-NEE向焦家断裂及其下盘近平行的次级断裂控制,具有明显的空间群聚分布特征。然而,由于对这些金矿床成因机理的认识存在分歧,对其空间群聚分布的形成机制也有多种解释,对断裂带覆盖区及其深部成矿潜力更是缺乏科学评价。为此,针对这些难题,论文在详细控矿构造解析的基础上,通过建立焦家金矿带三维有限元模型,运用应力转移模拟计算成矿期的库仑破裂应力变化值(△CFS),标定了成矿期断层活动导致的应力转移情况及其形成的高渗透率区域,探讨它们对矿床空间分布的可能控制作用和金矿床群聚分布的形成机理及焦家式金矿的成因机理,并据此圈定了成矿远景区,估算了其深部资源潜力。应力转移模拟结果显示△CFS以焦家断裂为中心呈现玫瑰弧瓣图像分布,其中,应力减小(负值)区(-195bar≤△CFS≤-3bar)以新城-高家庄子为中心呈"十"字形分布(东西宽8km、南北长12km),为低渗透率区域,其内尚未发现金矿床产出;而应力增大(正值)区(3bar≤△CFS≤84bar)呈28个大小不等的弧瓣分布在断层走向转弯处或断层交汇处,为高渗透区域,已发现的金矿床均位于其中,且已探明的金金属量与其所处区域△CFS极值正相关(金金属量Q=4.526×△CFS-83.27)。这种金矿床与断层活动导致的△CFS在空间分布上的一致性,表明焦家式金矿床的形成和产出严格受焦家断裂及其次级断裂控制,区别于典型的"与侵入体有关的金矿"和"岩浆热液矿床",而与造山型金矿床类似。然而其独特的构造背景与成矿环境及蚀变-矿化组合,表明该类型金矿床不能被现有成矿模式所涵盖,而可能属于独特的"胶东型"金成矿系统。焦家金矿带上控矿断裂的形成受同震应力转移的制约,断裂带脆性变形过程中,地震破裂沿断层传播,在断层产状变化或多组断层交汇处,△CFS增大,造成反复余震活动破坏岩石,形成局部高渗透率结构,为金的沉淀提供有利场所,产生了金矿床的群聚现象。据此,圈定朱宋、徐家疃、西良、马埠庄子四个成矿远景区,预测金资源量分别为79t、66t、43t和16t;而寺庄、望儿山、河西、河东等金矿床深部仍有巨大找矿潜力。     

新疆塔县达布达尔地区二叠系神仙湾组杂砂岩沉积构造背景分析

新疆塔县达布达尔地区二叠系神仙湾组位于塔阿西构造混杂岩带南侧,总体为一套深海复理石建造,主要以杂砂岩为主。源区岩石没有经过充分的搬运、分选,成熟度比较低。杂砂岩的稀土元素特征表现为轻稀土元素富集和Eu亏损明显的特征,与典型的后太古宙页岩和上地壳非常相似。微量元素含量也接近于大陆上地壳值,说明杂砂岩中的物源来自上地壳。沉积环境分析表明,杂砂岩母岩原岩为大量长英质火成物质和少量沉积物,其形成于深海厌氧环境。大地构造背景分析表明,杂砂岩物源区的构造背景以大陆岛弧为主,兼具活动大陆边缘的性质。结合区域地质构造背景,认为下-中二叠统神仙湾组为裂陷盆地沉积。     

利用父母本微卫星标记估计大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼生长性状的遗传参数

The estimation of genetic parameters has played an important role in animal selective breeding for growth traits.Recently studies show that molecular markers can be incorporated into genetic evaluations. In order to improve the performance of an incomplete pedigree(i.e, only parents are known) in the genetic evaluations, 12 microsatellite markers have been applied in the estimation of the genetic parameters for body weight in a farmed population(n=1 890) of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.). A new relatedness called parental molecular relatedness(PMR) is estimated based on results of genotyping of 48 parents(31 males, 17 females) with microsatellites markers. The feasibility of PMR in estimation of genetic parameters is verified by comparison with pedigree related(PR) which is obtained from a complete pedigree. The results demonstrate that a high correlation(0.872) between them is found. Heritabilities are estimated using the PMR(0.52±0.13) and PR(0.55±0.22) with the same animal model. A cross-validation shows that the predictive abilities of models using the PMR and the PR are identical(0.81). From that, a conclusion can be made that PMR and PR predicted genetic values equally well in a population of juvenile turbot. Therefore PMR can be applied as an alternative of the PR when only parents are known. However, for a better performance, more markers and more families should be included in a further study.     

基于微卫星(SSR)分子标记的中国对虾渤海湾增殖亲虾群体及回捕群体的遗传多样性分析

Eight microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic diversity, level of inbreeding, and effective population size of spawner and recaptured populations of Chinese shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) during stock enhancement in the Bohai Bay in 2013. A total of 254 and 238 alleles were identified in the spawner and recaptured populations, respectively, and the numbers of alleles(N_a) were 8–63 and 6–60, respectively. The numbers of effective alleles(N_e) were 2.52–21.60 and 2.67–20.72, respectively. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.529 to 0.952. The observed heterozygosity(H_o) values(0.638–0.910 and 0.712–0.927) were lower than the expected heterozygosity(H_e) values(0.603–0.954 and 0.625–0.952), which indicated that the two populations possessed a rich genetic diversity. In 16 tests(2 populations×8 loci), 13 tests deviated from the HardyWeinberg equilibrium. F_(is) values were positive at seven loci and the inbreeding coefficients(F) of the two populations estimated by trio ML were 13.234% and 11.603%, suggesting that there was a relatively high degree of inbreeding. A certain level of inbreeding depression had occurred in the Chinese shrimp population. F_(st) values ranged from 0 to 0.059, with a mean of 0.028, displaying a low level of genetic differentiation in the two populations. Effective population sizes(3 060.2 and 3 842.8) were higher than the minimum number suggested for retaining the evolutionary potential to adapt to new environmental conditions. For enhancement activity in 2014,the ideal number of captured shrimp spawners should have ranged from 7 686 to 19 214 to maintain genetic diversity and effective population size. Further strategies to adjust the balance of economic cost, fishing effort and ideal number of shrimp spawners to maintain a satisfactory effective population size for ensuring the sustainability of Chinese shrimp are proposed.     

北极秋季海冰密集度与中国初冬降雨之间的关系

本文通过对中国地区实测降水及北极海冰卫星数据的分析,研究了北极秋季海冰密集度与中国初冬降雨的关系。合成分析的研究结果表明2000年之前中国南方和北方冬季降水偏少,中部降水偏多,这之后中国南方和北方冬季降水增加,中部降水减少。SVD研究结果显示,北极海冰减少使得近三十年来中国南方和北方冬季降雨呈现逐渐增多,中部地区(从青藏高原向东北方向至日本)降雨逐步减少的趋势。随着北极海冰的进一步减少,如遇合适的气候条件,南方冻雨出现的概率会加大。北极秋季海冰异常的回复过程加之冬季海冰异常的延续信号在中国、蒙古及日本北部激发一个阻塞高压,以巴伦支海/卡拉海为中心激发一个异常低压。这使得来自北冰洋大西洋扇区的冷空气南下至欧洲大陆和亚洲北部,在阻塞高压的影响下,冷空气进一步南下,进入东亚地区。这不仅使得亚洲冬季温度降低,也为中国北部降水增加提供条件。